Notes


Introduction: Facing the Ultimate Unknowable

  1. Kip S. Thorne, Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy. New York: W.W. Norton, 1994, p. 23.
  2. Thorne, Black Holes and Time Warps, p. 23.
  3. John Taylor, Black Holes: The End of the Universe? London: Souvenir, 1998, p. 1.
  4. Mitchell Begelman and Martin Rees, Gravity's Fatal Attraction: Black Holes in the Universe. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1995, p. 19.
  5. Begelman and Rees, Gravity's Fatal Attraction, pp. 19–21.

Chapter 1: Gravity and Early Predictions of Black Holes

  • 6. Thomas T. Arny, Explorations: An Introduction to Astronomy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001, p. 405.
  • 7. John Gribbin, In Search of the Edge of Time: Black Holes, White Holes, and Wormholes. New York: Penguin, 1999, p. 9.
  • 8. Isaac Asimov, The Collapsing Universe, 1977; reprint, New York: Walker, 1989, pp. 44, 46.
  • 9. John Michell, "On the Means of Discovering the Distance, Magnitude, etc., of the Fixed Stars," Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London, vol. 74, 1784, p. 35.
  • 10. Quoted in Gribbin, In Search of the Edge of Time, p. 21.
  • 11. Arny, Explorations, p. 404.
  • 12. Asimov, Collapsing Universe, p. 94.
  • 13. John A. Wheeler, A Journey into Gravity and Spacetime. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1990, p. 3.

Chapter 2: Dying Stars and the Formation of Black Holes

  • 14. Asimov, Collapsing Universe, pp. 198–99.
  • 15. Asimov, Collapsing Universe, p. 200.
  • 16. Begelman and Rees, Gravity's Fatal Attraction, p. 15.
  • 17. Begelman and Rees, Gravity's Fatal Attraction, p. 15.
  • 18. Asimov, Collapsing Universe, p. 84.
  • 19. Begelman and Rees, Gravity's Fatal Attraction, p. 32.
  • 20. Herbert Friedman, The Astronomer's Universe: Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmos. New York: W.W. Norton, 1998, p. 195.
  • 21. Gribbin, In Search of the Edge of Time, p. 74.

Chapter 3: Properties and Potential Uses of Black Holes

  • 22. Gribbin, In Search of the Edge of Time, p. 130.
  • 23. Arny, Explorations, p. 70.
  • 24. Asimov, Collapsing Universe, p. 217.
  • 25. Thorne, Black Holes and Time Warps, p. 291.
  • 26. Thorne, Black Holes and Time Warps, pp. 349–50.
  • 27. Gribbin, In Search of the Edge of Time, p. 149.
  • 28. Taylor, Black Holes, p. 87.
  • 29. Asimov, Collapsing Universe, p. 205.

Chapter 4: Detecting Black Holes Through Indirect Means

  • 30. Friedman, Astronomer's Universe, p. 80.
  • 31. Gribbin, In Search of the Edge of Time, p. 106.
  • 32. Friedman, Astronomer's Universe, p. 219.
  • 33. Begelman and Rees, Gravity's Fatal Attraction, p. 71.
  • 34. William Keel, "Quasars Explained," Astronomy, February 2003, p. 37.
  • 35. Mark A. Garlick, "Quasars Next Door," Astronomy, July 2001, pp. 35–36.

Chapter 5: Giant Black Holes and the Fate of the Universe

  • 36. Asimov, Collapsing Universe, p. 190.
  • 37. Quoted in Vanessa Thomas, "Dark Heart of a Globular," Astronomy, January 2003, p. 32.
  • 38. Robert Zimmerman, "Heart of Darkness," Astronomy, October 2001, pp. 43–44.
  • 39. Zimmerman, "Heart of Darkness," p. 46.
  • 40. Keel, "Quasars Explained," p. 40.
  • 41. Keel, "Quasars Explained," p. 40.
  • 42. Steve Nadis, "Here, There, and Everywhere?" Astronomy, February 2001, p. 34.
  • 43. Asimov, Collapsing Universe, pp. 191–92.
  • 44. Quoted in Nadis, "Here, There, and Everywhere?" p. 37.
  • 45. Taylor, Black Holes, p. 182.

Chapter 6: Can Black Holes Be Used as Cosmic Gateways?

  • 46. Thorne, Black Holes and Time Warps, p. 490.
  • 47. Gribbin, In Search of the Edge of Time, p. 152.
  • 48. Gribbin, In Search of the Edge of Time, p. 163.
  • 49. Carl Sagan, Contact. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1985, pp. 347–48.
  • 50. Sagan, Contact, p. 347.
  • 51. Thorne, Black Holes and Time Warps, pp. 488, 490–92.
  • 52. Begelman and Rees, Gravity's Fatal Attraction, p. 235.

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