Notes



Introduction: The Mysterious Red Planet

1. William Sheehan and Stephen James O'Meera, Mars: The Lure of the Red Planet. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2001, p. 12.


Chapter 1: Early Observations and Beliefs

2. Carl Sagan, Cosmos. New York: Wings, 1995, p. 51.

3. Quoted in Sagan, Cosmos , p. 60.

4. Isaac Asimov, Mars: The Red Planet. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, 1977, p. 29.

5. Quoted in William Sheehan, The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1996, p. 17.

6. Quoted in Paul Karol and David Catling, Planet Mars Chronology , 1991. www-mgcm.arc.nasa.gov/mgcm/fun/mars_ chro.html.

7. Sallie Baliunas, "Close Encounter," Tech Central Station , August 15, 2003. www.techcentralstation.com/081503B.html.

8. Quoted in Kevin Zahnle, "Decline and Fall of the Martian Empire," Nature , July 12, 2001. www.stat.rice.edu/~siefert/PubFiles/ZahnleMars.pdf.

9. Robert Zubrin, The Case for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet and Why We Must. New York: Free Press, 1996, p. 27.


Chapter 2: An Earth-Like World

10. Sagan, Cosmos , p. 121.

11. Quoted in European Space Agency, "Martian Interior: Volcanism," Science & Technology , June 2, 2004. http://sci. esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid= 31028&floodylongid=646.

12. Quoted in European Space Agency, "Mars vs Earth," Science & Technology , July 7, 2003. http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=31025.

13. Quoted in David J. Craig, "The Air Up There: BU Planetary Scientist Tracks Spirit 's Trip to Mars," BU Bridge , January 16, 2004. www.bu.edu/bridge/archive/2004/01-16/mars.html.

14. Space Telescope Science Institute, "Mars' Chaotic Climate," HubbleSite NewsCenter , May 20, 1997. http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1997/15/astrofile.

15. Quoted in Tony Phillips, "Planet Gobbling Dust Storms," Science@NASA, July 16, 2001. http://science.nasa.gov/head lines/y2001/ast16jul%;5F1.htm.

16. Zubrin, The Case for Mars , p. 35.


Chapter 3: The Space Race

17. Quoted in David P. Stern, "Robert Goddard and His Rockets," in From Stargazers to Starships , 2001. http://pwg. gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze.

18. Paul Raeburn, Uncovering the Secrets of the Red Planet. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1998, p. 47.

19. Ron Koczor, interview with author, April 29, 2004.

20. John F. Kennedy, "Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs," May 25, 1961, John F. Kennedy Library and Museum. www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary.

21. Sheehan and O'Meara, Mars , p. 238.

22. Franklin O'Donnell, JPL 101 , California Institute of Technology, 2002. www.jpl.nasa.gov.

23. Robert Godwin, ed., Mars: The NASA Mission Reports. Burlington, ON: Apogee, 2000, p. 3.

24. Quoted in Godwin, Mars , p. 59.

25. Quoted in Raeburn, Uncovering the Secrets of the Red Planet , p. 66.


Chapter 4: An Era of Discovery

26. Sagan, Cosmos , p. 121.

27. Quoted in Godwin, Mars , p. 110.

28. Quoted in Joseph M. Boyce, The Smithsonian Book of Mars. Washington, DC, and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002, p. 254.

29. Quoted in Boyce, The Smithsonian Book of Mars , p. 257.

30. Ricaurte Chock, " Pathfinder Mission and Mars Landing," NASA Glenn Research Center, Photovoltaic and Space Experiments Branch, August 7, 2002. http://powerweb.grc. nasa.gov.

31. Raeburn, Uncovering the Secrets of the Red Planet , p. 176.

32. Quoted in JPL, "Anniversary Party for Odyssey at Mars," Mars Exploration Rover Mission , January 11, 2000. www.jpl.nasa.gov.

33. Quoted in Leonard David, "Mars Rovers in Autumn: A Life-and-Death Drama on the Red Planet," Space.com SpaceFlight , May 6, 2004. www.space.com/missionlaunches/rovers_ autumn_040506.html.


Chapter 5: Mars in the Future

34. Zubrin, The Case for Mars , p. 1.

35. Annie Platoff, Eyes on the Red Planet: Human Mars Mission Planning, 1952–1970 , NASA Technical Publications, July 2001. http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/CR-2001-208928.pdf.

36. Wernher von Braun, "The Next 20 Years of Interplanetary Exploration," Astronautics & Aeronautics , November 1965, p. 34.

37. Wernher von Braun, "Manned Mars Landing: Presentation to the Space Task Group," August 4, 1969, in Godwin, Mars , p. 410.

38. Platoff, Eyes on the Red Planet.

39. Zubrin, The Case for Mars , p. 44.

40. Quoted in David S.F. Portree, "The New Martian Chronicles," Astronomy , August 1997, p. 32.

41. Stephen J. Hoffman and David L. Kaplan, "Human Exploration of Mars: The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team," NASA, July 1997. http://exploration.jsc.nasa.gov/marsref/Mars1txt.pdf.

42. George W. Bush, "President Bush Announces New Vision for Space Exploration Program," White House press release, January 14, 2004. www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/01/20040114-3.html.

43. Quoted in Scott Lafee, "The Mars Collection," New Scientist , September 2, 2000, p. 34.

44. Quoted in Lafee, "The Mars Collection," p. 34.

45. Quoted in Lafee, "The Mars Collection," p. 34.

46. Zubrin, The Case for Mars , p. 6.

47. Quoted in NASA, "From Robot Geologists to Human Geologists on Mars," Mars Exploration Rover Mission , January 13, 2004. http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/spotlight/spirit/a8_ 20040113.html.

48. Quoted in NASA, "From Robot Geologists to Human Geologists on Mars."

49. Raeburn, Uncovering the Secrets of the Red Planet , p. 42.

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