The minimal energy required to convert reactants intoproducts, symbolized E a .
A mixture of water and a substance that is dissolved in it.
A substance that speeds upa chemical reaction without participating in it, either as a reactant or product. Catalysts are thus not consumed in the reaction.
A representation of a chemical reaction in which the chemical symbols on the left stand for there actants, and those on the right are the product or products.
A situation in which the ratio between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction is constant, and in which the forward reactions and reverse reactions take place at the same rate.
A process whereby the chemical properties of a substance are changed by a rearrangement of the atoms in the substance.
A generic term used for any substance studied in chemistry—whether it be an element, compound, mixture, atom, molecule, ion, and so forth.
a number used to indicate the presence of more than one unit—typically, more than one molecule—of a chemical species in a chemical equation.
The theory that chemical reactions are the result of collisions between molecules that are strong enough to break bonds in the reactants, resulting in a reformation of atoms.
A term describing a chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed or consumed.
A term describing a chemical reaction in which heat is produced.
A chemical reaction symbolized by a chemical equation in which the reactants and product are separated by an arrow that points to the right, toward the products.
Chemical equilibrium in which the substances involved are in different phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas.)
Chemical equilibrium in which the substances involved are in the same phase of matter.
Astatement, formulated by French chemist Henri Le Châtelier (1850-1936), which holds that whenever a stress or change is imposed on a system in chemical equilibrium, the system will adjust the amounts of the various substances in such a way as to reduce the impact of that stress.
The substance or substances that result from a chemical reaction.
A substance that interacts with another substance in a chemical reaction, resulting in a product.
A chemical reaction symbolized by a chemical equation in which the products of a forward reaction have become the reactants, and the reactants of the forward reaction are now the products. This is indicated by anarrow that points toward the left.
In chemistry and other sciences, the term "system" usually refers to any set of interactions isolated from the rest of the universe. Anything outside of the system, including all factors and forces irrelevant to a discussion of that system, is known as the environment.